The bill to remove all 88 hereditary peers from the House of Lords is making its way through the House of Lords itself, and their removal is now imminent. But while we are finally set to see the end of peers born into their seats through nothing more than their aristocratic birthright, there is a strong case for taking House of Lords reform much further.
Hereditary peers represent one of the most egregiously archaic aspects of our second chamber – and perhaps the most obviously undemocratic – but they’re far from the only problem. Aside from birthright, there are numerous routes into the House of Lords – from certain bishops being guaranteed seats as ‘Lords spiritual’, to direct appointment by the Prime Minister. What’s missing is any public say in who gets a seat in the chamber. As such, it’s the whole of the House of Lords that’s undemocratic, not just the hereditaries.
The logical next step is for the Government to begin the process of reforming the whole House of Lords, finally putting an end to unelected parliamentarians.
In its current form, the House of Lords is undemocratic
The UK Parliament is bicameral, which means it’s made up of two chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Lords plays a role in scrutinising and amending proposed laws – known as Bills – which have been tabled in the House of Commons.
Yet despite possessing the power to propose amendments to the laws we all have to abide by, not a single member of the House of Lords is elected by the public.
We live in a democracy. And in a democracy, power should lie in the hands of the people, with the politicians who represent us voted in by us – not appointed, or born into their seat. As such, we wouldn’t accept our MPs receiving seats in Parliament without being publicly elected. Yet that’s exactly how the House of Lords functions: members are handed power without a public mandate. It’s an unjustifiable system.
To put it into perspective, our House of Lords is an anomaly globally: we’re the only democracy in all of Europe that selects members of parliament by appointment and hereditary principle. We are falling behind other contemporary democracies.
The British public want an elected second chamber
The fact that members of the House of Lords are unelected is unacceptable on principle. And beyond principles, the people of Britain have also made it clear that they don’t want unelected Lords. According to polling by YouGov, over half of us would prefer an elected House of Lords. And just one in seven of us have a positive view of the upper chamber. With so many of us in favour of an elected House of Lords, there’s an even stronger case for wholesale reform.
An opportunity to create a chamber which represents the whole of the UK
It’s clear that the House of Lords needs to be reformed – but what might that look like? Crucially, members of the second chamber should be democratically elected through a system of proportional representation; ideally, via the Single Transferable Vote. But reforming the House of Lords presents an opportunity to consider other measures that might improve the second chamber, and Parliament overall.
In particular, there is a case for building a stronger voice for the UK’s regions and nations. A House of the Nations and Regions could serve as a guaranteed voice for the UK’s constituent parts. With the composition of the House of Lords currently dominated by members residing in London and the South East, this would be a welcome improvement in representation.
We can’t wait any longer for Lords reform
Removing hereditary peers is an excellent step in the right direction – but it can’t be the end of the story. In a 21st-century democracy, power should never be handed down or given away behind closed doors. It should be earned, through the ballot box.
Reforming the House of Lords isn’t just about modernising a relic; it’s about making our democracy fit for purpose. The British people deserve a second chamber that represents them, not privilege or patronage. We need to seize this opportunity to build a fairer, more democratic future.
It’s time to finish the job on Lords reform.
Want an elected second chamber? Add your name to our call.